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Impact of
Sarbanes-Oxley and White-Collar Crime Penalty Enhancement Acts of 2002 on
Corporate Fraud Sentencing
Dr. Deanna
Oxender Burgess, Associate Professor, Florida Gulf Coast University, FL
Dr. Ara G.
Volkan, Eminent Scholar and Moorings Park Chair of Accounting, Florida Gulf
Coast University, FL
Alisha
Angeloff, Markham Norton Mosteller Wright and Company, PA, Fort Myers, FL
Kelly
Dodrill, Markham Norton Mosteller Wright and Company, PA, Fort Myers, FL
James
Soldavini, Matthew John Soldavini PA, Naples, FL
Jacqueline
Sullivan, McGladrey LLP, Naples, FL
ABSTRACT
In the
years leading up to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX), a number of alleged
fraudulent financial reporting cases listed the chief executive officers and/or
chief financial officers as accomplices. Spurred on by rising pressure to
address these failures, Congress and the House of Representatives voted nearly
unanimously to support enactment of SOX. Section 302 of SOX requires chief
executive officers and chief financial officers to attest to the fairness of the
financial statements they oversee – effectively piercing the corporate shield
and holding executives criminally responsible for corporate misdeeds. Companion
legislation enacted at the same time, The White-Collar Crime Penalty Enhancement
Act, extended the maximum jail-sentences for executives tried for these frauds
in the federal courts. This research describes the sentencing outcomes of
executives associated with these frauds in the pre-SOX and post-SOX eras, and
examines whether the legislation resulted in stiffer penalties. Findings
indicate that most frauds end in plea bargains, with fines paid and no admission
of guilt. In cases where trials are held, most executives are sentenced to a
small portion of the maximum jail-time allowed. Surprisingly, the fraction of
actual jail time awarded compared to the maximum sentence permitted under the
law decreased post-SOX. Executives committing fraud post-SOX are walking away
with smaller portions of the maximum jail time permitted. This finding carries
the unintended consequence of failing to hold executives accountable as
prescribed by the SOX legislation. In addition, most defendants pay no
restitution if they are sent to jail.
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The
Diameter and Company Profitability: An Experiment in Network Evolution
Dr. Tal Ben-Zvi,
Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ
Dr. Paul
Rohmeyer, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL
Dr. Donald
N. Lombardi, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ
ABSTRACT
This study
examines how business networks evolve over time and impact company
profitability. Through simulation, we show that the impact of network evolution
on overall profitability is mediated by the network’s diameter. Our analysis
indicates that as a network grows, the network’s diameter increases in size.
However, as the network evolves beyond a certain point, the diameter stops
increasing and starts to decline, following an inverted U-shaped curve.
We also demonstrate how a
well-connected industry network with a small diameter is correlated with higher
company profitability and vice versa – a looser network with a larger diameter
produces lower profitability for companies.
The results uncover theoretical and practical
managerial insights and present a novel approach of conceptualizing businesses
within industries. A key question in social networks and alliances studies is
how networks in which companies are embedded shape companies’ behavior and
conduct, and affect their profitability over time (see, e.g., Goerzen, 2005;
Gulati et al., 2000; Hite and Hesterly, 2001; Soda, 2011). Contrary to studies
focusing on internal factors that impact companies, this paper discusses the
role of network theory in explaining company profitability in a global business
environment. We maintain that when companies interact with congruence of
interests, when they cooperate with each other to reach a higher value creation
while struggling to achieve a competitive advantage, they strive to better
positioning within their market.
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HR
Challenges for Safeguarding Employee Privacy Rights in The Private Sector
Workplace
Dr.
Bernadette Baum, National University, San Diego, CA
Dr. Jennifer
M. Davis, University of New Hampshire School of Law, Concord, NH
ABSTRACT
Historically, courts have set down precedent dashing any expectation of privacy
employees may enjoy in the private sector workplace. Despite the absence of
strong employee privacy rights laws, however, employers do not always have the
right to violate fundamental privacy values. With recent trends indicating a
shift toward laws with broader protections for employee privacy rights, Human
Resource managers are tasked with creating and implementing fair policies
involving workplace privacy. Employers risk engaging in privacy violations
concerning matters related to searches, access to private information, and
third-party disclosures. Legitimate reasons may exist for employers to monitor
employees or conduct searches. Reasons range from managing the productivity
levels of employees to maintaining a safe environment for all employees in the
workplace. Likewise, business necessity dictates an employer’s need to obtain
certain personal information regarding employees and applicants. Because an
employer’s need to know is somewhat broad, HR professionals face challenges in
creating policies that strike a balance between how much information is
appropriate to obtain and the proper ways in which to safeguard the
information. Potential problems arise when employers utilize the services of
outside agencies to maintain company personnel records.
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Does the
Fire Station have a Glass Ceiling? Perceptions of Female Firefighters
Dr. John
Griffith, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
Dr. James
Schultz, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
Dr. Ronald
Wakeham, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
Dr. Marian
Schultz, The University of West Florida, FL
ABSTRACT
This
research examined perceptions of 338 female firefighters in the United States.
Specifically, respondents answered questions on if they would pursue a career in
the fire service again, if they would advise a daughter or family member to join
and if they were treated as equals by male firefighters. Additionally, female
firefighters were asked if they achieved more acceptance from males based on
length of time on the job and if physical requirements unnecessarily limited
female firefighters. A significant majority of female firefighters indicated
that they enjoyed their careers, would advise a daughter or family member to
join and that the longer they were on the job, the more acceptance they gained
from male firefighters. Significantly more female firefighters disagreed that
physical requirements to be a successful firefighter limited females. A
significant majority of retired female firefighters disagreed that they were
treated as equals by male counterparts. Recommendations included repeating this
survey in three to five years and studying sexual harassment in the fire
service. Future researchers should also examine mentorship of women and
minorities, and the acceptance of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT)
firefighters in the fire service. Women comprised 47.2% of the total U.S.
civilian workforce in 2010. As of the 2010 census, the United States had 301,000
paid firefighters, 3.6% of whom are women. That translates to approximately
10,800 female fighters (U.S. Census, 2012).
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Ireland
Maintains Business Allure
Dennis C.
Stovall, Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
ABSTRACT
Businesses
in the United States have continued to embrace the many positive aspects of
locating in Ireland. The two countries have many shared values, with a majority
speaking the same language. In addition, the corporate tax rate of 12.5 percent
in Ireland has come to be one of the greatest benefits identified by investors.
Ireland also has a willing, flexible, and productive workforce, and one of the
highest levels of economic freedom in the world. Irish officials have created
organizations solely for the purpose of making the transition into the Irish
economy as effortless as possible for foreign companies. With all of this and
more, Ireland’s business allure has evolved and caught the attention of
countless corporations including Amgen and Microsoft. This shift is the cause
of some concern for the American government as a great amount of tax revenue
leaves with the companies. Rising numbers of Irish companies also are attempting
to break into the American economy, however, they do not have the same resources
or benefits that the American businesses receive when expanding into Ireland.
Irish companies face a unique set of obstacles. Some Irish companies choose to
establish contacts to spread the word about their business. Others utilize
trade shows to make themselves known. But each comes with some form of the same
goal: to become a grand success and a leader in its industry in America. As the
benefits of becoming corporately involved in the Irish economy increase, so too
does the number of U.S. companies placing or expanding their business into
Ireland.
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FDI and
Its Impact on Developing Markets
Bryan
Herriford, Sam Houston State University, TX
Dr.
Balasundram Maniam, Sam Houston State University, TX
Dr. Hadley
Leavell, Sam Houston State University, TX
ABSTRACT
Foreign
Direct Investment (FDI) has played a crucial role in the growth of the economies
in many developing countries. With FDI monies, a country may be able to make
the transition leap to a developed nation. As companies determine where to
place their resources, they must consider the effects these investments will
make on the host country. Host countries must learn what investors are looking
for and ensure their country is receptive to the change these investments will
make. This study looks at the increase in FDI in many developing countries over
the last twenty years and the effects these investment have had on the host
country. First this study looks at the positive reforms that host nations enact
in order to attract new foreign investment. It will then discuss different
types of spillover effects FDI has on the domestic market. It concludes with a
look at possible negative effects to the host economy and what host nations can
do to limit those effects. Foreign direct investment has been one of the largest
factors in the growth of developing nations over the last decade. Many
countries with a low gross domestic product (GDP) have seen the opportunities
that additional capital from foreign investment could bring to their countries
and how fast they could grow their economies with outside help. The large
impact foreign investment can have on a country’s economy has heavily influenced
political leaders in these countries. New laws and policies are reconsidered in
light of the ramifications they would have on their desirability to foreign
investors.
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Organizational Creativity Capability and Firm Performance: Evidence From
Software Businesses in Thailand
Wadsana
Charunsrichotikomjorn, Mahasarakham University, Thailand
Dr.
Phaprukbaramee Ussahawanitchakit, Mahasarakham University, Thailand
Dr.
Prathanporn Jhundra-Indra, Mahasarakham University, Thailand
ABSTRACT
This
study aims to investigate the relationship between organizational creativity
capability and firm performance via the mediating role of business practice
effectiveness, organizational innovation success, and organizational excellence
efficiency. The results were derived from a survey of 104 software businesses in
Thailand, which CEOs or managing partners are the key informant. The results
found that new management method and valuable human resource development have
significant influences with all of two organizational consequences; business
practice effectiveness, and organizational innovation success. Whereas useful
operational control establishment has an insufficient influence to yield
significantly expected outcomes. The contributions of theoretical and
managerial, conclusion and suggestions for future research are also discussed.
Keywords:
Organizational creativity
capability, New management method, Valuable human resource development, Novel
oganizational culture formation, Useful operational control establishment,
Original performance evaluation system, Business practice effectiveness,
Organizational innovation success, Organizational excellence efficiency,
Executive proactive vision, Strategic renewal mindset, Corporate resource
rreadiness, Business environment complexity. Under the severe competitive
business environment such as economic, technology and culture, those firms
generate rapid responses in order to survive and
succeed.
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Management As A Moderating Variable in the Causes and Effects of Construction
Delays
Dr. Miemie Struwig, Professor,
Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa
Gerrit Smit, Nelson Mandela
Metropolitan University, South Africa
ABSTRACT
The construction industry has been exhaustively studied,
both internationally and locally, in the area of delays in projects. A list of
possible delays has evolved over the past 10 years that covers all major delays
in this industry. Although the causes and effects of projects delays are clear,
little attention has been given to what factors can moderate the influence of
the delays. This research focuses on the development of a proposed model of
causes, effects, and moderating variables of project delays. The intention is to
use the proposed model to identify and confirm the moderating variables
(management activities) to mitigate construction delays.
The causes and effects of construction delays are well documented and
researched (see Motaleb & Kishk, 2010; Sambasivan & Soon, 2007; Assaf &
Al-Heijji, 2006). Causes of construction delays are factors or events that occur
before and during the construction process that will affect the time to
complete, and the cost and quality of completing, a project. Effects of
construction delays are the consequences when the causes of delays are not
identified and worked on effectively. Although most studies on construction
delays and their effects proposed solutions or remedies, their effectiveness has
never been tested. Very little research focuses on the moderating variables that
will influence the effects of delays due to the various factors causing them.
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Organizational Management Flexibility and Goal Achievement of Electrical
Appliance and Electronic Parts Businesses in Thailand
Dararat
Thatrak, Mahasarakham University, Thailand
Dr. Karun
Pratoom, Mahasarakham University, Thailand
Dr. Pakorn
Sujchaphong, Mahasarakham University, Thailand
ABSTRACT
The
objective of this research is to examine the relationships between
organizational management flexibility and goal achievement via organizational
innovation, value creation, and firm competitiveness as mediating variables.
Creative organizational culture, organizational learning, change management
competency, and environmental dynamism are the antecedents of organizational
management flexibility. The data was collected by a mail questionnaire survey
from electrical appliance and electronic parts businesses in Thailand. The model
used in this research was explained by using the dynamic capability theory and
the contingency theory. The sample was 128 electrical appliance and electronic
parts businesses in Thailand. The statistical results revealed that
organizational management flexibility had a significant positive effect on
organizational innovation, value creation, firm competitiveness, and goal
achievement. Besides, the consequences of organizational innovation had a
significant positive effect on value creation and goal achievement. Value
creation and firm competitiveness had a positive effect on goal achievement.
Finally, the antecedent constructs, namely, creative organizational culture,
organizational learning, change management competency, and environmental
dynamism partially affected organizational management flexibility. Some
theoretical and managerial contributions, a conclusion, and suggestions for
future research are also discussed. In a globalized world, the uncertainty of
the environment is considered as the key factors that organizations need to
focus on the business operation because it is a factor that may cause the
operation of the organization not success.
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Sports
Sponsorship: An Effective Tool for Marketing Strategies
Dr. Hyun
Sook Lee, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City
ABSTRACT
Companies
adopt sponsorship to capture or target the huge consumer market, communicating
their brand information and image, and informing consumers about the company and
its offerings and building a long term relationship with the consumer (Stipp,
1998; Simmons & L.Becker-Olsen, 2006; Tanvir et al., 2012). In particular,
sponsorship for mega-sports events such as the World Cup, Olympic Games, Formula
1 racing etc. has become the marketing tool of choice for corporations seeking
brand impact in the heart of consumers both globally and nationally. In terms
of totally or partially banned TV advertising on products like tobacco and
alcoholic drinks, mega-sports sponsorships present great opportunities to
access their target markets. Sport plays one of the most significant roles in
everyday life of people around the world, whether those actively participating
in it or those who are just spectators and supporters. In most western
countries, this part of social life is widely reported on and reflected by the
mass media (Lee, 2013). The same phenomena might be an opportunity for the
companies that are looking to raise their current and/or potential consumers´
awareness of their products/services, including certain products prohibited for
advertising through mass media. In the meanwhile, salient/prominent athletes
and/or sports teams tend to earn large sums
paid by their sponsors, resulting in mutual
benefits to all. For this paper, the author intends to define sponsorship as
well as sports sponsorship in particular.
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Service
Innovation Capability of Tour Operator Businesses in Thailand
Sakkasem
Panalad, Mahasarakham University, Thailand
Dr.
Phaprukbaramee Ussahawanitchakit, Mahasarakham University, Thailand
Dr. Nantana
Ooncharoen, Mahasarakham University, Thailand
ABSTRACT
This
research aims at investigating the effect of service innovation capability on
performance via competitiveness in the new model. Whereas, customer force,
competitive diversity and technology become the antecedents of service
innovation capability. Moreover, the moderating effects are executive vision and
learning culture. The key research question is how service innovation capability
affects performance. Data are collected from travel agency in Thailand. The
regression analysis is employed to examine all hypotheses. The results indicate
that some dimension of service innovation capability namely innovativeness,
alertness to create, and research and development awareness have a positive
effect on competitiveness. Moreover, competitiveness is effective on
performance. A potential discussion of the results is evidently implemented in
this research. Contribution and conclusion of the research are presented
accordingly. The atmosphere of global economy, business environment is rapidly
change in the area of customer demand, competitions, technologies, regulations,
and economic group (Tingsapat, 2006). As a result of a intense competition to
both domestic and international markets. Firm need to make adjustments or try to
find ways to deal more effectively o firm that have the potential to compete and
more competitive and success of the business performance. Therefore, firms need
to focus on various firm capabilities. Especially, capability service of
innovation has become important factor of the competitive advantage and success
of the business competitiveness which effect to its performance.
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Service
Perceptions of Social Networking Sites: A Comparison of Saudi and Indian Users
Dr. Yasser
Mahfooz, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
ABSTRACT
The
objective of this paper is to compare perceptions of service quality of social
networking sites (SNS) among Saudi and Indian users. The data was collected
online using convenience samples technique. The respondents were students who
visit social networking sites (181 in Saudi Arabia and 128 in India). The
service quality of social networking sites was measured using four dimensions-
ease of use, privacy, design, and functionality. Data was analyzed using
exploratory factor analysis, t-test and regression analysis. Respondents in both
countries reported high levels of perceived service quality for social
networking sites. However, Saudi respondents reported a higher perceived service
quality than Indians on all dimensions, and all individual items. The social
networking sites should recognize the importance of design and functionality in
service delivery, by implementing appropriate customer-oriented strategies.
Despite the large number of studies on social networking sites, very few studies
compare e-service quality perceptions among different countries. The present
study does so between users in two countries with different socio-cultural
environments - Saudi Arabia and India. A traditional service is an intangible
offering based on performance or efforts (Berry, 1980), whereas electronic
service or e-service can only be delivered through mediation of information
technology. E-service can be delivered alone or with e-commerce, either
unconditionally or with a service contract (Rowley, 2006). Researchers have been
of the view that e-service is an information service (Rust & Lemon, 2001;
Rowley, 2006) and has significance in providing better experience to consumers
through interactive flow of information (Santos, 2003).
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Internal
Audit Transparency and Firm Goal Achievement: An Investigation of Financial
Businesses in Thailand
Varipin Mongkolsamai,
Mahasarakham University, Thailand
Dr. Phaprukbaramee
Ussahawanitchakit, Mahasarakham University, Thailand
Dr. Sutana
Boonlua, Mahasarakham University, Thailand
ABSTRACT
The
main objective of this study is to examine the effects of internal audit
transparency of Thailand’s financial business firms’ goal achievement. 81 firms
are the sample of the study. The results reveal that internal audit transparency
is positively related to internal audit reliability, internal audit quality,
internal audit usefulness, information value, and best decision making.
Internal audit quality has a significant positive effect on internal audit
reliability and internal audit usefulness while information value results in a
significant positive influence on firm goal achievement as well as best decision
making, which also poses a significant positive effect on firm goal achievement.
Besides, internal audit reliability and internal audit usefulness are positively
related to information value whereas the information value itself displays a
significant positive effect on best decision making. In terms of the antecedents
of internal audit transparency, the findings assert that the internal audit
ethics and regulation force pose a significant positive impact on internal audit
transparency. Furthermore, future research could be conducted on different
samples and on a larger scale to widen the generalizability of its findings.
For many years, the political unrest in Thailand has affected the economy and
its investors’ confidence, which results in stock market bubbles or inefficient
capital markets, and damages the economy (Penman, 2003). This is considered
important for the reason that the stock market is a national treasure which can
influence the economy success (Sutton, 2002). Since the market is no longer
limited by time zone boundaries; businesses, therefore, are conducted
simultaneously in various countries with many people worldwide.
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Cost of
Capital and Price of Banking Intermediation in Croatia
Dr. Alen
Stojanovic, Professor, University of Zagreb, Croatia
Dr. Vlado
Leko, Professor, University of Zagreb, Croatia
Zeljko
Menalo, University of Zagreb, Croatia
ABSTRACT
From the
very beginning, banks were considered to be the most important financial
institutions in every financial system. In a certain aspect, they are treated as
the “public good”. It is, therefore, understandable that the entire public, not
just regulatory institutions, is interested in their safety and stability. This
concern has been reflected differently, but most obviously seen in a slow and
constant increase in bank capital requirements over the past few decades.
Unfortunately, there has not been an agreement between the banks, regulatory
institutions and scientific community on the important issues of effectiveness
and sustainability of new capital rules. This paper will point to the complexity
of increase in bank capital requirements, as well as mechanism of determining
the price of bank intermediation and costs distribution of commercial banks
funding, in order to contribute to very limited comprehension of long –term
consequences in growth of bank capital requirements. As it is generally
accepted, tightened capital standards enforced upon banks by implementation of
Basel III have drawn attention of not just regulatory and supervisory
institutions, but also of wide scientific community. Discussions on potential
effects of tightened capital standards include not just the issues of bank
safety and stability of banking and the entire financial system, but also
potential consequences of increasing capital requirements on the cost of bank
intermediation, loan activity volume and, consequently, the overall economic
activity.
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Audit
Practice Transparency and Audit Survival: An Empirical Investigation of
Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) in Thailand
Usaporn Ponphunga, Mahasarakham
University, Thailand
Dr.
Prathanporn Jhundra-indra,
Mahasarakham University, Thailand
Dr.
Kesinee Muenthaisong,
Mahasarakham University,
Thailand
ABSTRACT
This paper aims to examine the
relationship among the effects of audit
practice transparency and audit survival.
The components,
the consequences of audit practice transparency are included
audit quality,
audit credibility,
financial information reliability,
information value, stakeholder acceptance,
and audit survival. For the
relationships among audit practice transparency and its consequences can explain
by the capability theory.
The Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) in
Thailand were selected as the sample. A questionnaire is used as the instrument
for data collection and an auditor is the key informant. The data were received
and usable 376 auditors of the sample. The effective response rate was 21.41%.
The Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression analysis is methods for testing the
hypotheses. The results indicate
that audit practice transparency has
significant positive impacts on audit quality, audit credibility, financial
information reliability, information value, stakeholder acceptance, and audit
survival. Similarly,
audit quality has
significant positive impacts on audit
credibility, financial information reliability, information value, and
stakeholder acceptance. Likewise, audit credibility and financial information
reliability have significant positive impacts on information value, and
stakeholder acceptance. Moreover, Information values have significant positive
impacts on
stakeholder acceptance, and audit survival.
Similarly, stakeholder acceptance has significant positive effects on audit
survival. Future research is
suggestion to seek other consequence variables of audit practice transparency
for literature review.
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Exploring
Business Development
Haifa Al
Wawi, A’amal Holding Company, Kuwait
ABSTRACT
Business
development has become an important tool to ensure current business growth,
sustenance and future survival. However, the term “business development” is
interpreted differently, and its theoretical foundations are still
underdeveloped. The present study explores the business development function
as currently being practiced in the corporate world to clarify the concept
and to discover the main business development practices by investigating the
duties and responsibilities of business developers in various commercial
settings, as well as the skills and experience necessary to become a successful
business developer. At present, business development (the abbreviation “biz dev”
or the acronym BD are used by most professionals) refers to corporate entities’
and government agencies’ assisted development efforts for a particular area,
groups of people or SMEs. This paper’s focus is on the corporate side of the
business development. The popularity of the term ‘business development’ has
recently increased. A search on any popular Internet search engine for ‘business
development’ may now result in millions of results. Despite its increased use in
the corporate world during the past few years, relatively less academic research
has been done on business development. This is evident from the fact that
management books not only lack its definition but also exclude business
development as a business function. Similarly, companies also differ in its
interpretation. Even some progressive high tech-firms claim their core
competence is business development; however, they are unable to define it except
that to say that it has some specific tasks and procedures.
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Service
Creativity Strategy and Business Performance: Empirical Investigation of
Boutique Hotel Businesses in Thailand
Anantaporn Puttassa, Mahasarakham
University, Thailand
Dr.
Prathanporn
Jhundra-indra,
Mahasarakham University,
Thailand
Dr.
Saranya Raksong,
Mahasarakham University,
Thailand
ABSTRACT
Recent research has
indicated that service creativity strategy is hot issues, which a better
explanation between firm creativity and firm strategy. Thus, this study
addresses the main research question is how the relationship between service
creativity strategy and business performance is. Based on two theories comprise
of the Resource-Advantage Theory (R-A
Theory) and Contingency Theory that are supported in this model. The
purpose of this research is to investigate
the relationship among each dimension of service creativity strategy, its
consequences, and antecedents. Regression analysis is used for analyzes the data
from 75 boutique hotel businesses in Thailand. The results show that service
creativity strategy positively influences on its consequences and antecedents.
Especially, the proactive service encouragement strongly influences on business
performance. Finally, contributions and future directions are included. Currently,
the globalization of technology rapidly changes
and
has an influence on the organization's adaptation for increasing competitive
advantage, efficiency, and effectiveness. Thus, the firms have creative ability
to develop new service will succeed in competitive advantage, which is the basis
for the firm competency to survive and grow in the future. Hence, creative
strategy is the core of the organization’s survival and competitive advantage
that brings firms to achieving sustainable competitive advantage (Haward,
Murphy, and Lorenz, 2008). Specially, the influence of the global competitive
environment pressured the executive need to increase a potential of business
strategies (Porter, 1979).
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Social
Marketing Strategy and Sustainable Marketing Success: An Empirical Investigation
of
ISO 14001 Manufacturing Businesses in Thailand
Chotika
Chimngamsert, Mahasarakham University, Thailand
Dr.
Prathanporn Jhundra-indra, Mahasarakham University, Thailand
Dr. Saranya
Raksong, Mahasarakham University, Thailand
ABSTRACT
Societal
marketing strategy has been viewed as one of key components that influence
marketing outcomes. Drawing on Stakeholder Theory, the objective of the study is
to investigate the relationships among societal marketing strategy and its
consequences; brand image, product reputation, customer satisfaction, superior
market position, customer loyalty, and sustainable marketing success, and also
to explore the moderating effects of firm-stakeholder relationship. The result
were derived from a survey of 95 ISO manufacturing businesses in Thailand
provided the interesting points of the societal marketing strategy which was
directly associated with marketing success. Ordinary least square (OLS)
regression analysis is used the hypothesized relationships among variables.
Results suggest that societal marketing strategy is positively related to its
consequences. Brand image is positively related to superior market position.
Product reputation is positively related to superior market position and
customer loyalty. Similarly, customer satisfaction is positively related to
customer loyalty. Firm-stakeholder relationship plays a moderating role between
societal marketing strategy and its consequences are partially supported the
hypothesis. Moreover, theoretical and managerial contributions, conclusion, and
suggestions for future research are also interesting to be discussed. During the
21st century, there’s been a trend towards a global increase in the social and
environmental responsibility.
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Assessing
the Consumers’ Propensity for Online Shopping: A Demographic Perspective
Dr. Mahmoud
Abdel Hamid Saleh, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
ABSTRACT
This paper
is aimed at achieving two goals: first, to identify consumers’ propensity for
online shopping, and second, to investigate the association of gender, income,
age, and education with consumers’ propensity for online shopping. The study was
conducted on a sample of 293 consumers in Saudi-Arabian market. Data were
collected through a questionnaire contained four measures of consumers’
propensity for online shopping. The findings of the study outlined that 66% of
the respondents preferred traditional retail-store shopping to online shopping.
The findings also revealed insignificant differences in consumers’ propensity
for online shopping between males and females and between the various levels of
age. Conversely, significant differences were found between the levels of income
and education for the higher levels. Based on the research findings, marketers
are recommended to pay more attention to consumers who prefer online shopping to
traditional shopping, and at the same time, work diligently to stimulate
consumers who prefer traditional shopping in retail stores; removing their
uncertainty and perceived risks associated with online shopping transactions.
With the development of the Internet usage during the last two decades, Online
shopping has grown up rapidly to be a major activity for numerous consumers all
over the world. The amount of sales on the Internet increased globally to reach
about 348.6 billion dollars in 2009 (Keisidou et al., 2011) and was expected to
reach 778.6 billion dollars in 2014 (IMAP retail report, 2010). The reason for
online shopping growth may be explained in terms of the advantages the Internet
provided to both the sellers and the buyers. It allowed business organizations
an easy access to enter the global markets effectively at a low cost.
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Human
Resources Management Model oriented to the Sustainability of Family Businesses -
A proposal from the Comparison Between Italy and Colombia
Orlando E.
Contreras, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
ABSTRACT
There is no
doubt that dynamics of productive sector in Europe, especially in Italy, have
been constructed through a genuine and collaborative work, which has its deepest
roots in the gentle spirit of its people and in the influence of families, which
in its role of the relational core of society, have over the decision process of
human resource management in organizations. Unfortunately, this reality has not
been taking place in other latitudes, such as Latin American countries, where
despite the potential of its resources and talent of its people, phenomena such
as the formation of long-term business alliances based on overall goals
(environmental, social and financial) is the exception rather than the rule.
This paper makes a previous analysis and formulates a proposal in the line of
making an integral comparison between Italy and Colombia, in terms of societies,
leadership styles, but especially in human resource management practices in
order to create a managerial model oriented by sustainability principles for
Colombian family businesses, which would be developed in further research
process. The broadly shown interest in business-environment-related topics
raises the need to be permanently looking for research alternatives in the area
of management and business administration. This is carried out in order to
achieve a methodological contribution to practices, which are consistent with
the objectives of harmony for such relationship.
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Exploring
Perceived Product Knowledge, Credibility, and Attractiveness of Celebrity
Endorsers on Influencing Teen Purchase Intentions
Dr. Scarlett
C. Wesley, University of Kentucky, KY
Dr. Minyoung
Lee, University of Kentucky, KY
Behnoosh
Ghaani Farashahi, University of Kentucky, KY
Laura
ParksUniversity of Kentucky, KY
ABSTRACT
Retailers and branded
products use celebrity endorsers in their advertisements as a way to entice
shoppers to purchase their products. The celebrity attributes of product
knowledge, credibility, and attractiveness can determine a celebrity’s
effectiveness as an endorser. Teens are a group that is heavily influenced by
celebrities because they emulate celebrities’ actions and personalities to
better fit in with their peers. For this study, surveys of 246 teens were
collected asking them to rate endorsers’ product knowledge, credibility, and
attractiveness based on their intention to buy an advertised product. Celebrity
endorsers were found to influence teens’ purchasing decisions. Product
knowledge, credibility, and attractiveness all have an effect on teens
purchasing intentions with endorser’s product knowledge and credibility have the
largest influence on whether they purchased a product. Retailers and branded
products use celebrity endorsers in promotions and advertisements as a way to
entice shoppers to purchase their products (Keel, 2012; McCracken, 1989). A
celebrity endorser is “any individual who enjoys public recognition and who uses
this recognition on behalf of a consumer good by appearing with it in an
advertisement” (McCracken, 1989, p. 187). One quarter of American commercials
and advertisements use celebrity endorsements, and those endorsers have a great
impact on product sales because celebrities create a higher instance of recall
and attention (MarketWatch, 2006; Shimp, 2000) for a product over non-endorsed
items.
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An
Examination of the Impact of Social Isolation in the Workplace
Dr. Charles
Chekwa, Troy University, FL
Eugene
Thomas, Jr., Dillard University, LA
Dr. Akins Ogungbure,
Troy University, GA
Dr. Conrad Francis, Texas
Tech University, TX
ABSTRACT
“Social isolation” and “loneliness” can be viewed as related or causational, one
to the other. However, the authors recognize a distinct difference. The authors
believe that while loneliness draws more association with the immeasurable and
internal emotion one has for dependencies on others, social isolation represents
the manageable external variables that affect, and motivate or demotivate,
individual behavior. Therefore, the authors seek to delve into social isolation
within the workplace and, more particularly, where technology has supplanted
human interaction. In doing so, the authors seek to answer the questions: What
is social isolation? How does social isolation affect employees within the
workplace? What is the residual impact of social isolation on employers?
Recently, a bank television advertisement aired displaying customers having an
objectionable experience with a non-human approach to customer service. The
underlying idea was the importance of human interaction and the consequences of
its absence. The authors noted the implication or suggestion that technology in
the form of self-service substitutes can be a poor replacement for
“oh-so-valuable” social interactions. Despite this, and independent of it, among
business models today, the authors note that technology self-service models have
become more prominent; call any service line and you will surely be greeted by
an automated call distributor (ACD).
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The
American Academy of Business Journal
